These are overlain by a thick, deepening-upwards succession of outer ramp facies. Shaly and argillaceous limestones in the lower part of the Khasib Formation represent the early TST. At the base is a type 1 sequence boundary which separates it from the underlying LST deposits of the Kifl Formation. The latter contain basinal bioclasts including planktonic foraminifera, oligosteginids, dwarf rotaliids, and sponge spicules.Sequence stratigraphic analyses of the Khasib Formation indicate that it represents a third-order depositional cycle. Outer ramp deposits consist of alternating mid-ramp bioturbated bioclastic chalky limestones and argillaceous and marly limestones. Intense Thalassinoides and less common Palaeophycus bioturbation has enhanced the porosity of this facies. Bioclasts include benthic and planktonic foraminifera. Middle ramp facies dominate the Khasib Formation and consist of bioturbated, chalky, dolomitic and bioclastic limestones.
Inner ramp facies are characterized by carbonate bank bioclastic packstones intercalated with lagoonal green shales. The ramp developed over the distal margin of the Upper Cretaceous proforeland basin, adjacent to the evolved forebulge. Facies modelling was applied to predict the relationship between facies distribution and reservoir characteristics to construct a predictive geologic model which will assist future exploration in central Iraq.Microfacies analysis and electrofacies identification and correlations indicate that the limestones of the Khasib Formation were deposited in a ramp setting. Core and cuttings samples and wire-line logs from wells in the East Baghdad, Balad, Samarra and Tikrit fields (wells EB-77, EB-57, Ba-1, Ba-2, Sr-1, Sr-2, and Ti-1) were used to investigate microfacies types and porosity evolution. Remember that you can move your references between programs, so if you don't like one program you can always switch.Bioturbated chalky limestones of the Khasib Formation (Upper Turonian – Lower Coniacian) form potential reservoir rocks at oilfields and structures in central Iraq.
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